Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 2، May 2024 ، issue Number 96

Review of Reza Brahini's stories based on Carl Gustav Jung's psychological perspective

Reyhaneh Khanzadeh , Maryam Shadmohammadi (Author in Charge), Fereshte Momeni

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Analysis based on psychological criticism has become popular among literary researchers as a style. This research aims to investigate Reza Brahni"s fiction (The Infernal Life of Mr. Ayaz, and The Secrets of My Land) based on the psychological perspective of Carl Gustav Jung.

METHODOLOGY: The present study is a theoretical study and data collection was done with the use of data collection tools and reference to library sources in a descriptive-analytical method. Evidence and data analysis is evaluated qualitatively.

FINDINGS: The study of Brahni"s works shows that archetypes of anima and animus, shadow, persona (mask), self, as well as the concepts of sleep and dream, unconscious and anxiety are clearly visible in Brahni"s works. In addition, the most important and the most used proof of Jung"s theories is "persona" or "mask" which can be found in all the researched novels. Another archetype that is abundant in Brahni"s works is the archetype of "Shadow". Almost in most of his novels, Reza Brahini unconsciously asked the shadow for help and in this way he was able to show the characters of his novel well. Another theory that has a high frequency in Brahni"s novels is "old concepts"; In this way, we see a return to history and civilization or customs and superstitions in the stories.

CONCLUSION: The review and analysis of the studied novels, based on Jung"s psychological theories in criticism, showed that the characters, symbols and archetypes found in them are to some extent consciously created and elaborated by the mind of Brahni, and in most cases, they are completely deliberate.

Keyword
story , psychological critique , Reza Brahni , Carl Gustav Jung , archetype

• Brahni, Reza (2006). The secrets of my land. 20th edition Tehran: Look
• Brahni, Reza. (2013). Male date. Tehran: Look
• Brahni, Reza. (without). The hellish days of Mr. Ayaz, without a place: without a name
• Bilsker, Richard. (1402) Jung's thought. Translated by Hossein Payandeh, 9th edition, Tehran: Marwarid
• Hasan Beigi, Ibrahim. (1367). Eternal grudge, (criticism of two works by Reza Brahni). Tehran: Bargh.
• Dastghib, Abdul Ali. (1386). The emergence of the Persian novel. First Edition. Shiraz: Navid Publishing.
• De Beauvoir, Simon. (1401). The second gender. Translated by Qasim Sanawi. 19th edition Tehran: Tos
• Zarin Koob, Abdul Hossein. (2019). Familiarity with literary criticism. to print Tehran: Sokhn
• Saif, Ali Akbar. (1379). Modern educational psychology. Tehran: Duran
• Shamlou, Saeed. (2017). Clinical Psychology. Twenty-second edition. Tehran: Roshd
• Brave, Arman. (2015). "The work of art of the empirical world: art as a critic of society in Adorno's thought". In philosophical essays. year thirty 17th period No. 30. pp. 127-147.
• Shakib Ansari, Mahmoud. (1382). The development of contemporary Arabic literature. Third edition. Ahvaz: Ahvaz University.
• Shamisa, Siros. (1378). Literary types. Ninth edition. Tehran: Ferdous.
• Schultz, Duane P. and Schultz, Sidney Allen. (1388). History of modern psychology. Translated by Ali Akbar Saif and others. Eighth edition. Tehran: Duran.
• Schultz, Duane. (1378). Personality theory. Translated by Yusuf Karimi. Tehran: Arsbaran.
• Fadai, Farbd. (1381). Carl Gustav Jung and his analytical psychology. Tehran: Danje.
• Freud, Sigmund. (2013). Unconscious. Translated by Ali Fuladain, Arin Muradzadeh, Hossein Mojtahedi. second edition. Tehran: Pajhwok Andisheh cultural and artistic institute
• Fordham, Frieda. (2017). Introduction to Jungian psychology. Translated by Masoud Mir Baha. fourth edition. Tehran: Jami
• Feist, Gregory. (1401). Theories of personality. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mahdi. to print Tehran: Rovan
• Karimi, Yusuf. (1370). personality psychology. Twenty-third edition. Tehran: Payam Noor University Press.
• Mir Abdini, Hassan. (1383). One hundred years of story writing in Iran. Third edition. Tehran: Cheshme Publishing House.
• Jung, Carl Gustav. (1383). Psychology of the subconscious mind. Translated by Mohammad Ali Amiri. Third edition. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.